Pallet sizing seems simple until you realize that the wrong dimensions can lead to wasted truck space, unstable loads, and product damage. Here's what you need to know to make the right choice.
The GMA Standard: 48×40
The Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) standard pallet is 48 inches long by 40 inches wide. It's the most common pallet size in North America, accounting for roughly 30% of all pallets produced. If you're in retail, food, or general distribution, this is likely your go-to.
Other Common Sizes
The ISO recognizes six pallet sizes for international trade:
- 48×40" (1219×1016mm) — North American standard
- 42×42" (1067×1067mm) — Telecom, paint industries
- 48×48" (1219×1219mm) — Drums, barrels, square loads
- 36×36" (914×914mm) — Beverage industry
- 48×42" (1219×1067mm) — Military, chemical industries
- 40×40" (1016×1016mm) — Dairy industry
When Custom Sizes Make Sense
Standard sizes don't work for everyone. If your product has unusual dimensions, or if you need to maximize container space for export, a custom-sized pallet can actually save money by reducing wasted space and preventing product damage.
At Norwalk Pallets, we build custom pallets to any specification. We've made everything from 24×24" quarter-pallets for retail displays to 60×60" oversize pallets for industrial equipment.
How to Choose
Consider these factors when selecting pallet dimensions:
- Product dimensions — The pallet should be equal to or slightly larger than your product footprint
- Truck/container optimization — Standard 53' trailers are optimized for 48×40" pallets (two rows of 14)
- Racking compatibility — Check your pallet rack beam spacing before ordering non-standard sizes
- Weight capacity — Larger pallets need heavier construction for the same load rating
- Industry standards — Some industries have specific requirements (e.g., automotive, pharmaceutical)
Deck Board Configuration
Beyond overall dimensions, the number and spacing of deck boards matters. More boards mean better load distribution but heavier pallets. For heavy loads, look for pallets with 7 top boards and 5 bottom boards. For lighter loads, 5 top and 3 bottom may suffice.
